study_20241026/beginning-python-3ed-master/Chapter29/listing29-4.py

import os, sys, pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import objects, config

"This module contains the main game logic of the Squish game."

class State:

    """
    A generic game state class that can handle events and display
    itself on a given surface.
    """

    def handle(self, event):
        """
        Default event handling only deals with quitting.
        """
        if event.type == QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        if event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE:
            sys.exit()

    def first_display(self, screen):
        """
        Used to display the State for the first time. Fills the screen
        with the background color.
        """
        screen.fill(config.background_color)
        # Remember to call flip, to make the changes visible:
        pygame.display.flip()

    def display(self, screen):
        """
        Used to display the State after it has already been displayed
        once. The default behavior is to do nothing.
        """
        pass


class Level(State):
    """
    A game level. Takes care of counting how many weights have been
    dropped, moving the sprites around, and other tasks relating to
    game logic.
    """

    def __init__(self, number=1):
        self.number = number
        # How many weights remain to dodge in this level?
        self.remaining = config.weights_per_level

        speed = config.drop_speed
        # One speed_increase added for each level above 1:
        speed += (self.number-1) * config.speed_increase
        # Create the weight and banana:
        self.weight = objects.Weight(speed)
        self.banana = objects.Banana()
        both = self.weight, self.banana # This could contain more sprites...
        self.sprites = pygame.sprite.RenderUpdates(both)

    def update(self, game):
        "Updates the game state from the previous frame."
        # Update all sprites:
        self.sprites.update()
        # If the banana touches the weight, tell the game to switch to
        # a GameOver state:
        if self.banana.touches(self.weight):
            game.next_state = GameOver()
        # Otherwise, if the weight has landed, reset it. If all the
        # weights of this level have been dodged, tell the game to
        # switch to a LevelCleared state:
        elif self.weight.landed:
            self.weight.reset()
            self.remaining -= 1
            if self.remaining == 0:
                game.next_state = LevelCleared(self.number)

    def display(self, screen):
        """
        Displays the state after the first display (which simply wipes
        the screen). As opposed to firstDisplay, this method uses
        pygame.display.update with a list of rectangles that need to
        be updated, supplied from self.sprites.draw.
        """
        screen.fill(config.background_color)
        updates = self.sprites.draw(screen)
        pygame.display.update(updates)


class Paused(State):
    """
    A simple, paused game state, which may be broken out of by pressing
    either a keyboard key or the mouse button.
    """

    finished = 0 # Has the user ended the pause?
    image = None # Set this to a file name if you want an image
    text = ''    # Set this to some informative text

    def handle(self, event):
        """
        Handles events by delegating to State (which handles quitting
        in general) and by reacting to key presses and mouse
        clicks. If a key is pressed or the mouse is clicked,
        self.finished is set to true.
        """
        State.handle(self, event)
        if event.type in [MOUSEBUTTONDOWN, KEYDOWN]:
            self.finished = 1

    def update(self, game):
        """
        Update the level. If a key has been pressed or the mouse has
        been clicked (i.e., self.finished is true), tell the game to
        move to the state represented by self.next_state() (should be
        implemented by subclasses).
        """
        if self.finished:
            game.next_state = self.next_state()

    def first_display(self, screen):
        """
        The first time the Paused state is displayed, draw the image
        (if any) and render the text.
        """
        # First, clear the screen by filling it with the background color:
        screen.fill(config.background_color)

        # Create a Font object with the default appearance, and specified size:
        font = pygame.font.Font(None, config.font_size)

        # Get the lines of text in self.text, ignoring empty lines at
        # the top or bottom:
        lines = self.text.strip().splitlines()

        # Calculate the height of the text (using font.get_linesize()
        # to get the height of each line of text):
        height = len(lines) * font.get_linesize()

        # Calculate the placement of the text (centered on the screen):
        center, top = screen.get_rect().center
        top -= height // 2

        # If there is an image to display...
        if self.image:
            # load it:
            image = pygame.image.load(self.image).convert()
            # get its rect:
            r = image.get_rect()
            # move the text down by half the image height:
            top += r.height // 2
            # place the image 20 pixels above the text:
            r.midbottom = center, top - 20
            # blit the image to the screen:
            screen.blit(image, r)

        antialias = 1   # Smooth the text
        black = 0, 0, 0 # Render it as black

        # Render all the lines, starting at the calculated top, and
        # move down font.get_linesize() pixels for each line:
        for line in lines:
            text = font.render(line.strip(), antialias, black)
            r = text.get_rect()
            r.midtop = center, top
            screen.blit(text, r)
            top += font.get_linesize()

        # Display all the changes:
        pygame.display.flip()


class Info(Paused):

    """
    A simple paused state that displays some information about the
    game. It is followed by a Level state (the first level).
    """

    next_state = Level
    text = '''
    In this game you are a banana,
    trying to survive a course in
    self-defense against fruit, where the
    participants will "defend" themselves
    against you with a 16 ton weight.'''

class StartUp(Paused):

    """
    A paused state that displays a splash image and a welcome
    message. It is followed by an Info state.
    """

    next_state = Info
    image = config.splash_image
    text = '''
    Welcome to Squish,
    the game of Fruit Self-Defense'''


class LevelCleared(Paused):
    """
    A paused state that informs the user that he or she has cleared a
    given level. It is followed by the next level state.
    """

    def __init__(self, number):
        self.number = number
        self.text = '''Level {} cleared
        Click to start next level'''.format(self.number)

    def next_state(self):
        return Level(self.number + 1)

class GameOver(Paused):

    """
    A state that informs the user that he or she has lost the
    game. It is followed by the first level.
    """

    next_state = Level
    text = '''
    Game Over
    Click to Restart, Esc to Quit'''

class Game:

    """
    A game object that takes care of the main event loop, including
    changing between the different game states.
    """

    def __init__(self, *args):
        # Get the directory where the game and the images are located:
        path = os.path.abspath(args[0])
        dir = os.path.split(path)[0]
        # Move to that directory (so that the image files may be
        # opened later on):
        os.chdir(dir)
        # Start with no state:
        self.state = None
        # Move to StartUp in the first event loop iteration:
        self.next_state = StartUp()

    def run(self):
        """
        This method sets things in motion. It performs some vital
        initialization tasks, and enters the main event loop.
        """
        pygame.init() # This is needed to initialize all the pygame modules

        # Decide whether to display the game in a window or to use the
        # full screen:
        flag = 0                  # Default (window) mode

        if config.full_screen:
            flag = FULLSCREEN     # Full screen mode
        screen_size = config.screen_size
        screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size, flag)

        pygame.display.set_caption('Fruit Self Defense')
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)

        # The main loop:
        while True:
            # (1) If nextState has been changed, move to the new state, and
            #     display it (for the first time):
            if self.state != self.next_state:
                self.state = self.next_state
                self.state.first_display(screen)
            # (2) Delegate the event handling to the current state:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                self.state.handle(event)
            # (3) Update the current state:
            self.state.update(self)
            # (4) Display the current state:
            self.state.display(screen)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    game = Game(*sys.argv)
    game.run()