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- <h1 id="原生ajax学习">原生Ajax学习</h1>
- <h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
- <blockquote>
- <p>这里先展示一个比较复杂的应用写法，原理什么的看下面介绍。<br>
- 注意，本例是学习笔记，<a href="http://www.imooc.com/learn/250" target="_blank">学习地址</a><br>
- <a href="http://img.mukewang.com/down/54f903090001276f00000000.zip" target="_blank">源码</a></p>
- </blockquote>
- <pre><code class="lang-js"><span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string">"save"</span>).onclick = <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) </span>{
- <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> request = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> XMLHttpRequest();
- request.open(<span class="hljs-string">"POST"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"server.php"</span>);
- <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> data = <span class="hljs-string">"name="</span> + <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string">"staffName"</span>).value
- + <span class="hljs-string">"&number="</span> + <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string">"staffNumber"</span>).value
- + <span class="hljs-string">"&sex="</span> + <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string">"staffSex"</span>).value
- + <span class="hljs-string">"&job="</span> + <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string">"staffJob"</span>).value;
- request.setRequestHeader(<span class="hljs-string">"Content-type"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"</span>);
- request.send(data);
- request.onreadystatechange = <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) </span>{
- <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (request.readyState===<span class="hljs-number">4</span>) {
- <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (request.status===<span class="hljs-number">200</span>) {
- <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string">"createResult"</span>).innerHTML = request.responseText;
- } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
- alert(<span class="hljs-string">"发生错误："</span> + request.status);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- </code></pre>
- <h1 id="ajax">Ajax</h1>
- <blockquote>
- <p>其实原理很简单的。就是调用 XMLHttpRequest 对象来实现前端与后台的数据通信！</p>
- </blockquote>
- <h4 id="第一步：实例化-xmlhttprequest-对象">第一步：实例化 XMLHttpRequest 对象</h4>
- <pre><code class="lang-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> request = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> XMLHttpRequest();
- </code></pre>
- <h4 id="第二步：调用-open-方法">第二步：调用 open() 方法</h4>
- <blockquote>
- <p>open(Method[数据传输方法: POST | GET ], URL , async[true（异步）| false（同步）] );</p>
- </blockquote>
- <pre><code class="lang-js">request.open(<span class="hljs-string">"GET"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"server.php?number="</span> + <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string">"keyword"</span>).value);
- </code></pre>
- <h4 id="第三步：调用-setrequestheader">第三步：调用 setRequestHeader</h4>
- <blockquote>
- <p>这里已经有人把 setRequestHeader 内容很详细的介绍一遍了，这里就不做太多的解释。<a href="https://sjolzy.cn/XMLHTTP-methods-and-parameters-in-the-setRequestHeader.html" target="_blank">传送门</a></p>
- </blockquote>
- <pre><code class="lang-js">request.open(<span class="hljs-string">"GET"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"server.php?number="</span> + <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string">"keyword"</span>).value);
- </code></pre>
- <h4 id="第四步：调用-send-方法">第四步：调用 send() 方法</h4>
- <blockquote>
- <p>send方法接受一个参数，作为请求主体发送的数据。<br></p>
- <h5 id="注意如果没有参数，则必须填写-null">注意:如果没有参数，则必须填写 null<br></h5>
- <p>request.send(参数|null)</p>
- <h5 id="由于send的请求是同步的，请求得到服务器响应之后。响应的数据会自动填充xhr对象的属性">由于send的请求是同步的，请求得到服务器响应之后。响应的数据会自动填充XHR对象的属性</h5>
- <pre><code class="lang-js"><span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(request.responseText);<span class="hljs-comment">//响应主体被返回的文本</span>
- <span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(request.responseXML);<span class="hljs-comment">//与 responseText 以字符串返回 HTTP 响应不同，responseXML 以 XML 返回响应。ResponseXML 属性返回 XML 文档对象，可使用 W3C DOM 节点树的方法和属性来检查和解析该对象。</span>
- </code></pre>
- <h5 id="requeststatus">request.status</h5>
- <p><a href="http://www.itxueyuan.org/view/6454.html" target="_blank">Ajax status和statusText状态对照表</a><br>
- 0：未初始化。尚未调用open()方法。<br>
- 1：启动。已调用open()方法,但尚未调用send()方法。<br>
- 2：发生。已调用send()方法，但尚未接收到响应。<br>
- 3：接受。已经接收到部分响应数据。<br>
- 4：完成。已经接收到响应数据，并且可以在客户端使用。<br></p>
- <pre><code class="lang-js"><span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(request.status);<span class="hljs-comment">//响应的HTTP状态</span>
- <span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(request.statusText);<span class="hljs-comment">//HTTP状态的说明</span>
- </code></pre>
- </blockquote>
- <h4 id="第五步：调用-onreadystatechange-事件处理程序">第五步：调用 onreadystatechange 事件处理程序</h4>
- <blockquote>
- <h5 id="requestonreadystatechange">request.onreadystatechange<br></h5>
- <p>    当请求被发送到服务器时，我们需要执行一些基于响应的任务。<br>
-     每当 readyState 改变时，就会触发 onreadystatechange 事件。<br>
-     readyState 属性存有 XMLHttpRequest 的状态信息。<br>
- 如下所示：我们通过if语句判断 request.readyState 的响应数据，进行数据处理。</p>
- </blockquote>
- <pre><code class="lang-js">request.onreadystatechange = <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> (<span class="hljs-params"></span>) </span>{
- <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (request.readyState === <span class="hljs-number">4</span>) {
- <span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(request.readyState);
- <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (request.status === <span class="hljs-number">200</span>) {
- <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string">"createResult"</span>).innerHTML = request.responseText;
- } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
- alert(<span class="hljs-string">"发生错误："</span> + request.status);
- }
- }
- }
- </code></pre>
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