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                    前言
            
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                    第1章 入门
            
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                    1-1 前端的发展
            
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                    1-2 常见的构建工具及对比
            
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                    1-4 使用 Loader
            
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                    1-5 使用 Plugin
            
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                    1-6 使用 DevServer
            
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                    1-7 核心概念
            
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                    第2章 配置
            
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                    2-1 Entry
            
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                    2-2 Output
            
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                    2-3 Module
            
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                    2-4 Resolve
            
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                    2-5 Plugins
            
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                    2-6 DevServer
            
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                    2-7 其它配置项
            
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                    2-8 整体配置结构
            
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                    2-9 多种配置类型
            
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                    2-10 配置总结
            
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                    第3章 实战
            
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                    3-1 使用 ES6 语言
            
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                    3-2 使用 TypeScript 语言
            
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                    3-3 使用 Flow 检查器
            
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                    3-4 使用 SCSS
            
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                    3-5 使用 PostCSS
            
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                    3-6 使用 React 框架
            
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                    3-7 使用 Vue 框架
            
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                    3-8 使用 Angular2 框架
            
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                    3-9 为单页应用生成 HTML
            
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                    3-10 管理多个单页应用
            
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                    3-11 构建同构应用
            
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                    3-12 构建 Electron 应用
            
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                    3-13 构建 Npm 模块
            
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                    3-14 构建离线应用
            
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                    3-15 搭配 Npm Script
            
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                    3-16 检查代码
            
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                    3-17 通过 Node.js API 启动 Webpack
            
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                    3-18 使用 Webpack Dev Middleware
            
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                    3-19 加载图片
            
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                    3-20 加载SVG
            
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                    3-21 加载 Source Map
            
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                    3-22 实战总结
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../4优化/">
  
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                    第4章 优化
            
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                    4-1 缩小文件搜索范围
            
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                    4-2 使用 DllPlugin
            
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                    4-3 使用 HappyPack
            
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                    4-4 使用 ParallelUglifyPlugin
            
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                    4-5 使用自动刷新
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.6" data-path="../4优化/4-6开启模块热替换.html">
  
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                    4-6 开启模块热替换
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.7" data-path="../4优化/4-7区分环境.html">
  
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                    4-7 区分环境
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.8" data-path="../4优化/4-8压缩代码.html">
  
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                    4-8 压缩代码
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.9" data-path="../4优化/4-9CDN加速.html">
  
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                    4-9 CDN 加速
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.10" data-path="../4优化/4-10使用TreeShaking.html">
  
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                    4-10 使用 Tree Shaking
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.11" data-path="../4优化/4-11提取公共代码.html">
  
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                    4-11 提取公共代码
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.12" data-path="../4优化/4-12按需加载.html">
  
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                    4-12 按需加载
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.13" data-path="../4优化/4-13使用Prepack.html">
  
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                    4-13 使用 Prepack
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.14" data-path="../4优化/4-14开启ScopeHoisting.html">
  
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                    4-14 开启 Scope Hoisting
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.15" data-path="../4优化/4-15输出分析.html">
  
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                    4-15 输出分析
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.16" data-path="../4优化/4-16优化总结.html">
  
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                    4-16 优化总结
            
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                    5-2 输出文件分析
            
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                    5-3 编写 Loader
            
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                    5-5 调试 Webpack
            
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                    常用 Loaders
            
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                    常用 Plugins
            
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                    其它 Webpack 学习资源
            
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                                <h1 id="1-4-&#x4F7F;&#x7528;-loader">1-4 &#x4F7F;&#x7528; Loader</h1>
<p>&#x5728;&#x4E0A;&#x4E00;&#x8282;&#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; Webpack &#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x91C7;&#x7528; CommonJS &#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x5316;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#xFF0C;&#x672C;&#x8282;&#x5C06;&#x7EE7;&#x7EED;&#x4F18;&#x5316;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7F51;&#x9875;&#x7684; UI&#xFF0C;&#x4E3A;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x5F15;&#x5165; CSS &#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x8BA9;&#x6587;&#x5B57;&#x5C45;&#x4E2D;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;<code>main.css</code> &#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-css"><span class="hljs-selector-id">#app</span>{
  <span class="hljs-attribute">text-align</span>: center;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Webpack &#x628A;&#x4E00;&#x5207;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x770B;&#x4F5C;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#xFF0C;CSS &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x4F8B;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x8981;&#x5F15;&#x5165; <code>main.css</code> &#x9700;&#x8981;&#x50CF;&#x5F15;&#x5165; JavaScript &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x90A3;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x6587;&#x4EF6; <code>main.js</code> &#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-js"><span class="hljs-comment">// &#x901A;&#x8FC7; CommonJS &#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x5BFC;&#x5165; CSS &#x6A21;&#x5757;</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;./main.css&apos;</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x901A;&#x8FC7; CommonJS &#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x5BFC;&#x5165; show &#x51FD;&#x6570;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> show = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;./show.js&apos;</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6267;&#x884C; show &#x51FD;&#x6570;</span>
show(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;Webpack&apos;</span>);
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x540E;&#x53BB;&#x6267;&#x884C; Webpack &#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x662F;&#x4F1A;&#x62A5;&#x9519;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A; Webpack &#x4E0D;&#x539F;&#x751F;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x89E3;&#x6790; CSS &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x8981;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x975E; JavaScript &#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; Webpack &#x7684; Loader &#x673A;&#x5236;&#x3002;Webpack&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> path = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;path&apos;</span>);

<span class="hljs-built_in">module</span>.exports = {
  <span class="hljs-comment">// JavaScript &#x6267;&#x884C;&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</span>
  entry: <span class="hljs-string">&apos;./main.js&apos;</span>,
  output: {
    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x628A;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x5408;&#x5E76;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; bundle.js &#x6587;&#x4EF6;</span>
    filename: <span class="hljs-string">&apos;bundle.js&apos;</span>,
    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x90FD;&#x653E;&#x5230; dist &#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;</span>
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;./dist&apos;</span>),
  },
  <span class="hljs-built_in">module</span>: {
    rules: [
      {
        <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x7528;&#x6B63;&#x5219;&#x53BB;&#x5339;&#x914D;&#x8981;&#x7528;&#x8BE5; loader &#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x7684; CSS &#x6587;&#x4EF6;</span>
        test: <span class="hljs-regexp">/\.css$/</span>,
        use: [<span class="hljs-string">&apos;style-loader&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;css-loader?minimize&apos;</span>],
      }
    ]
  }
};
</code></pre>
<p>Loader &#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x4F5C;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x7FFB;&#x8BD1;&#x5458;&#xFF0C;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x91CC;&#x7684; <code>module.rules</code> &#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4;&#x89C4;&#x5219;&#xFF0C;&#x544A;&#x8BC9; Webpack &#x5728;&#x9047;&#x5230;&#x54EA;&#x4E9B;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x65F6;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x54EA;&#x4E9B; Loader &#x53BB;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x548C;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x3002;
&#x5982;&#x4E0A;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x544A;&#x8BC9; Webpack &#x5728;&#x9047;&#x5230;&#x4EE5; <code>.css</code> &#x7ED3;&#x5C3E;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x65F6;&#x5148;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>css-loader</code> &#x8BFB;&#x53D6; CSS &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x518D;&#x4EA4;&#x7ED9; <code>style-loader</code> &#x628A; CSS &#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x6CE8;&#x5165;&#x5230; JavaScript &#x91CC;&#x3002;
&#x5728;&#x914D;&#x7F6E; Loader &#x65F6;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li><code>use</code> &#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7531; Loader &#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#xFF0C;Loader &#x7684;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x662F;&#x7531;&#x540E;&#x5230;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; Loader &#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; URL querystring &#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x4F20;&#x5165;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982; <code>css-loader?minimize</code> &#x4E2D;&#x7684; <code>minimize</code> &#x544A;&#x8BC9; <code>css-loader</code> &#x8981;&#x5F00;&#x542F; CSS &#x538B;&#x7F29;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x60F3;&#x77E5;&#x9053; Loader &#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x54EA;&#x4E9B;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x67E5;&#x9605;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982; <code>css-loader</code> &#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x7528;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728; <a href="https://github.com/webpack-contrib/css-loader" target="_blank">css-loader &#x4E3B;&#x9875;</a> &#x4E0A;&#x67E5;&#x5230;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x6267;&#x884C; Webpack &#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x524D;&#x8981;&#x5148;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x65B0;&#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x7684; Loader&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">npm i -D style-loader css-loader
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x6210;&#x529F;&#x540E;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x4F1A;&#x53D1;&#x73B0; <code>bundle.js</code> &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x88AB;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x91CC;&#x9762;&#x6CE8;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x5728; <code>main.css</code> &#x4E2D;&#x5199;&#x7684; CSS&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x4F1A;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; CSS &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;
&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x5237;&#x65B0; <code>index.html</code> &#x7F51;&#x9875;&#x65F6;&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x53D1;&#x73B0; <code>Hello,Webpack</code> &#x5C45;&#x4E2D;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x6837;&#x5F0F;&#x751F;&#x6548;&#x4E86;&#xFF01;
&#x4E5F;&#x8BB8;&#x4F60;&#x4F1A;&#x5BF9;&#x6B64;&#x611F;&#x5230;&#x5947;&#x602A;&#xFF0C;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x770B;&#x5230; CSS &#x88AB;&#x5199;&#x5728;&#x4E86; JavaScript &#x91CC;&#xFF01;&#x8FD9;&#x5176;&#x5B9E;&#x90FD;&#x662F; <code>style-loader</code> &#x7684;&#x529F;&#x52B3;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x539F;&#x7406;&#x5927;&#x6982;&#x662F;&#x628A; CSS &#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x7528; JavaScript &#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x8D77;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;
&#x5728;&#x7F51;&#x9875;&#x6267;&#x884C; JavaScript &#x65F6;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; DOM &#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x5730;&#x5F80; <code>HTML head</code> &#x6807;&#x7B7E;&#x91CC;&#x63D2;&#x5165; <code>HTML style</code> &#x6807;&#x7B7E;&#x3002;
&#x4E5F;&#x8BB8;&#x4F60;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x505A;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4; JavaScript &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x53D8;&#x5927;&#x5E76;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x7F51;&#x9875;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x53D8;&#x957F;&#xFF0C;&#x60F3;&#x8BA9; Webpack &#x5355;&#x72EC;&#x8F93;&#x51FA; CSS &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x8282; <a href="1-5&#x4F7F;&#x7528;Plugin.html">1-5 &#x4F7F;&#x7528;Plugin</a> &#x5C06;&#x6559;&#x4F60;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; Webpack Plugin &#x673A;&#x5236;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x3002;</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x672C;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B; <a href="http://webpack.wuhaolin.cn/1-4&#x4F7F;&#x7528;Loader.zip" target="_blank">&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>&#x7ED9; Loader &#x4F20;&#x5165;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x6709; querystring &#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; Object &#x4F20;&#x5165;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x7684; Loader &#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x4E3A;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-js">use: [
  <span class="hljs-string">&apos;style-loader&apos;</span>, 
  {
    loader:<span class="hljs-string">&apos;css-loader&apos;</span>,
    options:{
      minimize:<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
    }
  }
]
</code></pre>
<p>&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x5728; <code>webpack.config.js</code> &#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x914D;&#x7F6E; Loader &#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x6E90;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7528;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48; Loader &#x53BB;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;
&#x4EE5;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D; CSS &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E3A;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#x7684; <code>main.js</code> &#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-js"><span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;style-loader!css-loader?minimize!./main.css&apos;</span>);
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x5BF9; <code>./main.css</code> &#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5148;&#x91C7;&#x7528; css-loader &#x518D;&#x91C7;&#x7528; style-loader &#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x3002;</p>

                                
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